Drink And To Aid Patients To Hold A Cup And Assist Moving

drink and to aid patients to hold a cup and assist moving their hand to mouth if they have co-ordination difficulties (Coleman, 2009). Oral Nutritional Supplements (ONS) Pivi et al. (2011) aimed to find out if the use of ONS would influence the nutritional status of patients with AD. They found that the experimental group that had taken the ONS had a significant increase in weight, body mass index (BMI), arm circumference and arm muscle circumference compared to the control and educational group (Pivi et al., 2011). However, Prince et al. (2014) recognise that ONS can cause complications such as bloating and nausea, consequently, impacting on a regular dietary intake. Patients do not like taking the ONS (Prince et al., 2014) and Hubbard et†¦show more content†¦However, the researchers did assume that a higher consumption of ONS would increase calorific intake and consequently help to improve nutritional status (Allen, Methven and Gosney, 2014). However, Crawley (2009) argues that ONS should be used with caution and only be considered as a short-term intervention that will increase calorific intake in the malnourished patient. Crawley (2009) believes that providing patients with food containing all the nutrients they require and focusing on ways to encourage patients to eat well is important in maintaining adequate long-term nutrition. Search Strategy To complete a thorough search of the literature for the topic area, several databases were used. They included; British Nursing Index, The Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), MEDLINE, ProQuest, PsychINFO, PubMed and Summons. The author also utilised the references presented in research articles to widen their understanding of the subject. Keywords used to produce data included; â€Å"dementia†, â€Å"Alzheimer’s disease†, â€Å"nutrition†, â€Å"malnutrition†, â€Å"oral intake†, â€Å"nurse’s role† and â€Å"environment†. Principles of Boolean logic were applied using â€Å"AND† between keywords to allow inclusion of literature relevant to the research question (Aveyard, 2014). Initially, literature before 2007 was excluded from the search, consequently, producing too little data. ThisShow MoreRelatedCase Study About Pneumonia10478 Words   |  42 PagesI. INTRODUCTION This is the case of patient MCS, a 62 year old female who came to Ospital ng Guiginto with a chief complaint of productive cough with associated difficulty of breathing amp; intermittent fever. She was admitted on July 16, 2012. She was diagnosed with Pneumonia with manifestations of Asthma. Pneumonia is an inflammation of the lung parenchyma commonly caused by microbial agents. Classically, pneumonia has been categorized as being bacterial or typical, atypical, anaerobic/cavitaryRead MorePepsi Marketing Plan.13402 Words   |  54 PagesUniversity. Senior Lecturer, School of Business. Department of Marketing. 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Creativity in Literacy Practices Free Essays

string(260) " aspect is more evident in web blogs or online journals in which people often \(1\) write in response to the entries of others, \(2\) write entries addressed to others and \(3\) write with the expectation and even the goal to get as much response from others\." Creativity in Literacy Practices: A TEXTUAL AND CONTEXTUAL APPROACH by Agatha Xaris Villa INTRODUCTION AT PRESENT, THERE ARE A NUMBER OF APPROACHES TO THE STUDY OF LINGUISTIC CREATIVITY. THEY DIFFER IN THE WAY THE WAY THAT THEY CONCEPTUALIZE WHAT COUNTS AS CREATIVENESS OR ‘LITERARINESS’ IN LANGUAGE AS WELL AS IN THE METHODS THEY USE TO IDENTIFY AND ANALYZE CREATIVITY IN EVERYDAY LANGUAGE. This essay begins by discussing and exploring the premises of an analysis of creativity at text level following a textual approach to literacy and creativity; assessing the extent to which it is effective in identify creativity in literacy practices such as diaries, letters and graffiti. We will write a custom essay sample on Creativity in Literacy Practices or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, I would like to continue by presenting the argument that while literacy practices do offer opportunities for creativity at text level, the study and identification of creativity in literacy practices may be more productive when studied with a broader perspective – one that goes beyond the limits of the text and considers the influence of context in the production, reception and processing of texts, literary practices and creativity. Creativity in literacy practices at text level LITERACY IS AN IMPORTANT ASPECT OF EVERYDAY LIFE AND IS A PART OF EVEN OUR MOST MUNDANE SOCIAL PRACTICES. WHILE THE ROLE WHICH LITERACY PLAYS IN SITUATIONS MAY VARY IN IMPORTANCE, IN THE CONTEXT OF LITERACY EVENTS WHERE LITERACY PLAYS A SIGNIFICANT ROLE, INDIVIDUALS DEVELOP CHARACTERISTIC AND PATTERNED WAYS OF USING AND INTERACTING WITH TEXTS. THESE HABITUAL PATTERNS HOLD DIFFERENT MEANING AND VALUES FOR INDIVIDUALS AND ARE WHAT WE REFER TO AS LITERACY PRACTICES. Creativity in literacy practices at the level of the text may be identified by focusing on special linguistic forms that stand out in texts. This pproach is modeled after what Carter (1999) called an inherency perspective which perceives creativity as being ‘inherent’ in the creative uses of language intrinsic in text. The focus is on the writer’s skill in the manipulation of linguistic forms that constitute text on the phonological, grammatical and semantic level. Roman Jakobson (1960), one of the well-known advocates of this approach, was concerned with the ‘poetic function of language’ which w as believed to be in close relation to literariness in text. He argued that the poetic function of language involves the ‘foregrounding’ of language forms which have the ability to draw attention to themselves – making a noticeable impact on the reader. Foregrounding results from stylistic choices which may come as (1) deviations from the norms of everyday language (e. g. the use of different writing systems, lexis and ‘figurative language’ such as metaphor and simile or (2) prominent patterns of parallelisms in phonology, grammar and semantics (e. g. meter, rhyme, etc. (Maybin and Pearce, 2006, p. 6 – 9). By highlighting the ‘poetic usages of language’, we can identify creativity in diaries at the text level. The metaphoric descriptions and dramatic portrayal of entities and events in diaries are ways in which individuals attempt to explore their feelings regarding their experience of the ‘real world’ that are often difficult to describe. In addition, repeated structures and rh ythms are commonly used in diaries as a form of emphasizing points in the writer’s diary entry. Such examples of ‘poetic language’ may also be identified in letters. In Margaretta Jolly’s (1997) study of war letters, she states that letters are probably ‘the most common form of creative writing. ’ Her examples point out the creative way in which letter-writers are able to use language forms such as imagery, metaphoric and rhetorical devices as well as parallelism (more commonly related to literature) for the purpose increasing the text’s emotional and persuasive impact and highlighting contrast and subtleties of meaning (Maybin, 2006, p. 72). The â€Å"art of graffiti† is a long-standing tradition with the ability to exhibit creativity at text level both in its traditional and embellished form. Creativity is seen in the use of rhythmic repetition, puns and contradictory voices (as in parody and irony), the use of non-standard spelling and punctuation (usually in line with a particular artistic style) and the use of text and decorat ion for aesthetic and communicative purposes. While it is possible to be able to identify creativity in literacy practices at text level, this approach is somewhat limited because it fails to take into account: (1) the interactive features and functions of literacy practice, (2) the influence of its socio-cultural and historical context and more importantly (3) the creativity in language practices that is inherent and emergent from social practices in particular contexts. Therefore, I suggest that a better and more efficient way to identify and evaluate creativity in literacy practices, is one that approaches literacy from a more contextual approach, more specifically from an ethnographic perspective. Creativity and literacy practices from an ethnographic approach According to the ethnographic approach defined by Papen and Tusting (2006, p. 312-359), creativity refers the production of something ‘new’ and ‘original’. In written language, creativeness should not be perceived as a decontextualised, individual activity or as being entirely shaped by context. It should be seen as being dependent on and emergent from the creative literacy practices through which texts are constructed because they are shaped by people, who in pursuit of their own goals and purposes, actively draw on the interactional, contextual and socio-cultural possibilities available in the particular social situation they are embedded. Literacy practices are inherently creative in and of themselves. The ethnographic perspective takes into account the broader social-political context within which creativity is located and through their examination of iteracy practices and texts, advocates of the ethnographic approach found three major characteristics of creativity in writing. To begin, by focusing on people’s literacy practices rather than just texts, they noted that creative texts are produced as a result of interactive collaboration. Diaries, although written by a single person, emerge from an individual’s account and reflection of events and various con versations and interactions with people. Diaries and journals are dialogic practices wherein the writer addresses and responds to a ‘reader’ and have the potential to be re-contextualized in different publications to address a wider readership (Maybin, 2006, p. 269) This dialogical aspect is more evident in web blogs or online journals in which people often (1) write in response to the entries of others, (2) write entries addressed to others and (3) write with the expectation and even the goal to get as much response from others. You read "Creativity in Literacy Practices" in category "Papers" Maybin (2006, p. 73) tells us that letters are even more intensely dialogic in nature. I believe that letters are best viewed as mediums of ‘correspondence’ wherein we present written versions of our personal experience, relationships and identities in relation to an assumed reader who then responds by confirming or questioning. Letters are shaped by and inspire collaborative practices An interesting characte ristic of graffiti that I believe exemplifies the collaborative nature of creativity is the way that graffiti attracts graffiti (Macdonald, 2006). A graffiti-covered wall may look like vandalism to law-enforcers or a rather threatening cacophony of ‘names’ to the common passerby but it constitutes a symbolic exchange between members of a sub-group. In the world of graffiti, tags located on the same space are often interpreted in relation to their positioning and proximity to each other. They may be viewed as a sign of respect, acknowledgement or outright disregard – a reflection of the intensely competitive nature of this practice. In addition to the collaborative nature of creative literary practices, the ethnographic approach pays careful attention to the influence of the context of reading and writing in the development of creative practices (Papen and Tusting, 2006, p. 320). They argued that in any given opportunity, there is particular set of possibilities and constraints that provides the opportunity for creativity. This involves affordances (i. e. properties of the environment, arising from its material characteristics which may be positive or negative depending on the individual) from new forms of technology, discourse conventions as well as inter-textual and material resources available to producers of text. An important thing to note is while possibilities may determine what is possible in any given context, the possibilities associated with a setting do not determine what is created. For example, while people may be able to describe events, sights and even people through the practice of diaries and letters, there are abstractions such as feelings and intensely traumatic situations (such as in war) that are far more difficult to describe and articulate. In order to overcome this type of ‘constraint’ on expression, writers make use of metaphoric language and parallelisms, enabling them to represent their feelings and experiences in ‘words’ that their readers may be able to relate to. Creativity may also emerge from socially-constrained situations. Graffiti emerged from the same socially and economically impoverished areas in America where gangs are notoriously prominent. Because graffiti is an act of illegitimacy and opposition, graffiti artists face the constant risk of being caught by the police or by rival gangs each time they make a ‘tag’ or do a ‘piece’. But this high-risk and intensely competitive literacy practice is a stage on which young men may choose an identity of their own making, present it in the style of their choice and regain control of their own ‘fate’ – free from the constraints of their socio-economic backgrounds (Mcdonald, 2006). Social, economic or technological changes may result in the introduction of new affordance and constraints to any given context (Papen and Tusting, 2006, p. 325). For example, the popularization of the internet brought about the development of Computer Mediated Communication (CMC), resulting in the creation of new literary genres and changes in literacy practices. According to Kress (2003), creativity may be perceived as inherent in CMC using the two concepts of ‘transformation’ and ‘transduction’. Transformation is the way that the text producers manipulate the forms of signs within a mode to suit their needs and interests. Transduction, on the other hand, refers to the movement of ‘semiotic material’ between modes where meaning configured in one mode is moved to another. Online diaries, known as online ‘blogs, perform the same function as traditional diaries and even employ the same linguistic forms. However, bloggers now have access to a greater degree of interactive, inter-textual and multi-modal resources. Whereas in the past, writers creatively used language to express their thoughts and feelings through metaphors and similes, bloggers can now make use of pictures, videos, music, emoticons, avatars and (through hyper-linking) other texts to represent themselves and their lives online. Similarly, the literacy practice of letter-writing is far from extinct in today’s modern ear but has taken up a new form – that is, electronic mail (e-mail). As a medium of communication, email has enabled cross-cultural communication and the creation of online relationships and ‘networking’ communities. Finally, the ethnographic perspective sees creative literacy practices in everyday life as being embedded in socio-cultural practices situated in institutional, political and economic structures. These structures are in a constant state of movement and change therefore taking on a historical perspective towards literacy practices is a necessity. Based on observation and study, changes in socio-economic conditions are often accompanied by changes in the linguistic and semiotic means available to a community as in the case of the following account of changes to a Nepali rural community Papen and Tusting, 2006, p. 328). The 1980s was a time of great social and economic change in Junigau, Nepal. In 1983, the village set up its first high school, providing greater access to education for men and women – resulting in great changes to the literacy practices used by the young. A new form of ‘prolonged courtship’ (i. e. , love-letter writing) had become increasingly popula r among the youth, improving gender relations and changing marriage practices (as the young were becoming more resistant towards arranged marriages). The way in which these love-letters encapsulated new ideas on personal identity and individual agency which held no cultural precedent in their village is an example of how social and cultural change is closely related to the creation of new literacy practices (Papen and Tusting, 2006, p. 328) Conclusion ANALYZING CREATIVITY AT TEXT LEVEL, ALLOWED US TO IDENTIFY CREATIVENESS IN TEXTS AS IS REVEALED BY THE USE OF POETIC LANGUAGE OR LINGUISTIC FORMS COMMONLY ASSOCIATED WITH LITERATURE. THIS APPROACH HOWEVER WAS VERY MUCH LIMITED DUE MAINLY BY THE NARROWNESS OF THE INHERENCY MODEL’S DEFINITION OF WHAT CONSTITUTES AS CREATIVITY AS WELL AS TO ITS LACK OF CONSIDERATION OF CONTEXTUAL FACTORS AND THE INHERENCY OF CREATIVITY IN LITERACY PRACTICES. In taking an ethnographic/historical perspective, characteristics of creativity that are inherent in literacy practices become more salient. Through our understanding of the three characteristics of creativity in literacy practices, we’ve identified creativity beyond the level of the text. This contextual approach showed us how creativity is exhibited in literacy practices in the way that (1) texts are read and used, how the writer interacts with other individuals;(2) how people are able to creatively use language in relation to the possibilities and constraints available in particular contexts and finally, (3) individuals are able to adapt and respond to changes in discourse practices and socio-cultural conditions. References CARTER, R. (1999). ‘COMMON LANGUAGE: CORPUS, CREATIVITY AND COGNITION’, LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE, 8(3), P. 196-216 Jakobson, J. (1960). Closing statement: linguistics and poetics’, in T. A. Sebeok (ed. ) Style in Language, MIT Press. Jolly, M. (1997). ‘Everyday Letters and Literary Form: Coresspondence from the Second World War’, unpublished MPhil, University of Sussex. Kress, G. (2003). Literacy in the new Media Age. London and New York, Routledge. Macdonald, N. (2006). Chapter 6. Reading B: ‘The spray-can i s mighteier than the sword: graffiti writing and the construction of masculine identity’ in Maybin, J. and Swann, J. (eds) The art of English: everyday creativity. Palgrave Macmillan/The Open University, p. 293 – 302. Maybin, J. 2006)(Ed. ) Chapter 6 ‘Writing the self’, in Maybin, J. and Swann, J. (eds) The art of English: everyday creativity. Palgrave Macmillan/The Open University, p. 261 – 279. Maybin, J. and Pearce, M. (2006). Chapter 1 ‘Literature and creativity in English’ in Goodman, S. and O’Halloran, K. (eds) The art of English: literary creativity. Palgrave Macmillan/The Open University, p. 6-9. Papen, U. and Tusting, K. (2006). Chapter 7 ‘Literacies, collaboration and context’ in Maybin, J. and Swann, J. (eds) The art of English: everyday creativity. Palgrave Macmillan/The Open University, p. 312 – 331. How to cite Creativity in Literacy Practices, Papers

Leadership In The Work Environment Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Leadership In The Work Environment. Answer: Introduction A critical analysis has been done on the approach by the leaders on leadership in the work environment. How these approaches affect the workers or employees in an organization. Three interviews has been identified from successful leaders who have embarked their approach on leadership in Australia that how they have sustained and improved the leadership effectiveness in their organization. The cases given in the task has been studied and explained thoroughly to clear the concepts (Holt, 2015). And based on all the aspects which are being compared and contrasted by different perspectives and their resulted outcomes shows how to improve the leadership effectiveness in the organization. The issues which are faced by leaders in the organization are identified and being advised by the current research done in this regard. Lastly conclusions has been drawn and recommendations made that these theories and studies form a few strategies to improve leadership effectiveness in the organization ( Antonakis, 2017). Interviews identified The interviews which are being identified here are of Sam Walsh the CEO of Rio-Tinto which is a largest metal and mining corporation. Where he said that Leadership matters and the interview was provided by N2Growth, Gordon Berridge who asks questions and provide a complete view of his background and how he has inspired everybody. The second interview identified is of Alan Joyce a CEO of Qantas Airlines, he talked about his experiences that how he cope up with all the issues these airlines were having and takes a toll after few years and reaches a new growth in the global industry. The third interview is of Scott Farquhar a CEO of Altassian, he is one of the co-founder of this organization and started from the scratch where he knew nothing and got no such experience in handling a business on a big scale but started his way out by forming small group of people and lead them in a direction towards a particular objective (Hathaway et al., 2017). There are many renowned CEO in Australia who are being awarded as Best Australian leader of the era and their success is what be the talk of the town. I have chosen these particular CEOs only and the reason behind the selection is clear as these three leaders have started their journey being a CEO from a scratch when companies they took over were on a downturn and having crisis, no growth was suspected in the years gone by when all lose hopes of gaining any profit. These leaders are known to have a thick skin as they took high risks and accepted the challenges with an open mind. They carry all the good leadership qualities and follows their different approach towards their organization. Also in their varied interviews they have explained thoroughly how to be a strong leader even in complex situations and how much leadership affects growth of an organization. They believed in themselves even after facing many criticism by other leaders and took risk (Yammarino, 2013). Analysis Here are the cases being analyzed on the basis of biographies of these CEOs, they are being compared and contrasted critically that how these leaders are constructed and conceptualize the leadership in their organization. There are various concepts of leadership to follow and each one of them has its own aspect which needs to be match up with the requirements of a particular organization. Every leadership style has its own functionalities so a leader must go through the organization structure and ask all the necessary questions required in order to get through the processes and procedure being followed by organization from years. It gives a perspective to a leader that what needs to be done to improve the current situation of crisis and plan out the long term goals. The conceptualization help leaders to form strategies and take risk, provide mitigation with the risks in case where mistakes are spotted it can be undone at that point of time. It is explained below by all CEOs that how they have described their concepts and understanding of leadership (Day et al., 2014). One of the renowned CEO in Rio Tinto, which is one of the largest metal and mining corp. Sam Walsh who is a widely known name in the industry. He has started his carrier in purchasing and switched in sales and marketing further into mining, manufacturing later to general management in a business operation in around 40 countries. He said in his interview that he was looking around for a fresh challenge in an international company based in Australia and founded Rio-Tinto as his path to fulfill his and companys ambition altogether. Rio-Tinto is headquartered in Melbourne, Australia under the name Rio Tinto Ltd. After Sam Walsh took up the seat as CEO in Rio Tinto, the industry reached to a new level of growth and positioned at a very high rank. Comparing to the past records of Rio Tinto when it was in a downward spiral and no growth has been seen over the time. At that moment Sam took over and in the meantime it reaches to the new level of success. In the interview it was mentioned that his successor, Jean-Sebastian being grateful regarding the success of the business even after experiencing such huge losses and was impressed to see Sam having an open mind when he entered the company and how he has restructured this organization from a start even in the complex situations that it was having in past years. Sam told the interviewer that when he joined the organization he already had some inaccurate sights of the company and thought it is having diverse operations. The company had several issues at different scales at a time (Agnoletti, 2015). He has opened up in the interview that he strongly believe, the mentors and leaders are of a great importance as they lead the whole organization in a direction where all work in a uniformity towards a defined goal (Boerma et al., 2017). In his case, as he said he was fortunate enough to have Paul Victor, who is a Doctor of Psychology having a background of manufacturing industry. He assisted Sam, as Sam being new to the territory which requires restructuring and balancing in a right way that the focus can be maintained on both the future and the present scenario (Helsloot, 2017). He assures that Rio-Tinto relatively is the strongest among all mining companies. The balance sheet shows the strong points and higher profitability rates. The costs, working capital, and the capital expenditure are being reduced to a certain rate. Rio-Tinto is going to continue to invest in assets namely copper, bauxite and iron ore. It has also been forecasted that it is going to generate momentous cash and make shareholder returns in order to grow more. He had over 55,000 employees in his team to lead, to work through the team he enabled certain strategies and plans and communicate them to the organization to implement them. To carry on such process one needs to have a good leadership quality and organization will provide a feedback on such achievement. He shared his strategy that he had an innovation programme in his organization named mine of the Future, in order to make Mine industry to look different in coming years with the attractive segments on a low cost assets having qual ity assured deposits and diversified operations (McCleskey, 2015). Alan Joyce a CEO of Qantas Airlines has marked his success with the flying colors in these years. Even after facing a backlash by grounding the airlines he sustained in such situation and take Qantas to a new level of success. Now Qantas is one of the profitable airlines globally. Alans gutsy decisions lead this airlines to overcome the darkest days it has lived and succeed today. In his view, a leader must have a thick skin to make tough and risky decisions in regard to challenge in every walk of situation. He has mentioned some of the tips to how to be a strong leader they include having a vision, as it is obvious that team needs a vision of strategies or a direction in which they have to work towards a defined objective. A team having a clear vision of what needs to be done at the moment with all support lead to success (Youssef-Morgan, 2013). Second tip he explained that creating a diverse team would help to reach a certain set goal. A diverse team gives a broader knowledge of ba ckground, varied skills, views and education which provides ideas to innovate and being creative on the other side. Joyce believes in empowering and asking questions as compare to other who would believe in commanding. Asking questions gives a clear view and encourage people in the organization to put out their views, ideas and discuss them with the team this way decisions can be made easily. The workers would also feel engaged in such decisions which motivates them to work out best of their abilities. He also believes in calculating risks associated with every action. He encourage at his part the team to calculate or analyze the risks in advance and mitigation as well. This behavior in the organization plays an important role to overcome future risks. When risks are calculated in advance they come with few mistakes as well and Joyce accept this fact (Hooijberg, 2014). But if these mistakes are detected in an early stage it can be cleaned up within the time being. Joyce says being f lexible and transparent are the qualities of a strong leader so even if a mistake appears be flexible enough to admit such mistake and clean up. When Qantas was in crisis Joyce has asked all related questions of what everybody know of the situation. As he believes that questions should be asked of what you know and what you dont know so he makes sure to ask all and sort the dispute well lastly came to a conclusion. One of the impressive thing Joyce said is leaders should be honest and open. Such quality has proven Alan a self-made persona who works hard and smart at a time (Hargreaves et al., 2014). Scott Farquhar, CEO of Atlassian a software enterprise who produces tools to help business teams and technical teams to plan their projects and build software. Scott has been awarded as the Australian IT professional in earlier years. He is also known to be a Keynote speaker, where he has spoken to audiences around the globe and encourage, mentor the entrepreneurs by sharing his own experiences and knowledge with all. Scotts approach to leadership is transactional in the said interview taken by Business of software USA. He came with the approach in context with innovation which is considered as an important aspect to run business and compete globally. Here a leader need to create something new and to execute the same he has to manage all the kiosk it creates. The innovation happens after a team is hired and work together towards a particular goal but it does not happen as smooth as it seems it requires a good leader who would put all his efforts in making a way where the team will be directed (Latham, 2014). Scott explained few areas where leaders need to focus in order to innovate they are: Clear Vision- There are various questions in the minds of employees regarding innovation that how it is going to happen, what actually needs to be done and what expectations have been made. When vision is being made clear it answers all the queries of employees who are there to execute the plans and strategies formed. The ones who are working on the product must be aware of the fact that why innovation is happening and how it is going to result. The specifications should be made clear in the organization to avoid any dilemma (Beck, 2014). Customer Feedback- Another aspect in this regard is getting customer feedback. In a software company it is the basic requirement to ask for customer feedback as they will be informing the company whether they are experiencing problems, bug or any technical issue which needs to be solved. Scott explains that they had implemented a process named Contextual Enquiry where few of the staff spends their most of the day with customers to know the problem they are facing. It gives a clear picture of how their product is working and what is required to fix the bugs if any (Bullock, 2014). Applying Persona- After experiencing few issues in leadership Scott opinionated that we should apply persona where our company is going to target few customer segments and they will be served depending on their demands. It sounded lame at the first time but later it shows dramatic results and lead the innovation in a right direction (Chemers, 2014). He concluded that to be a strong leader, a proper diligence should be taken while managing a team. The qualities a leader needs is to manage a team in a direction by making their vision clear and if employees are sorted it brings harmony in their work also it becomes easy to manage all the tasks and the whole team as well. At last if any crisis occur in any such stage it will be resolved and undone right away so that it can be assured there are less chances of losses a company can have (Bryman, 2013). Organizational issues The organizational issue faced by Atlassian was not handling innovation well enough as it required to be. Every company ambitioned that they are going to invent something new to reach a new level of success and mark their position in global market. But they are lacking in planning and strategizing the moves to be followed to execute such plan. In Atlassian, Scott Farquhar made a few mistakes regarding planning the innovation strategies internally. There are few areas where they were lacking are, providing a clear vision to employees that what they actually need to work on and why they are working on, what would it be resulting in. By having a clear vision employees get a particular direction to move on which helps in achieving a certain goal within a time limit having the best outcomes. Another issue which was detected was not getting customer feedback. They do have a public bug tracker but it was not in use as much as it was required to so they need to get customer feedback in order to fix bugs as the ultimate user of the software only gives a feedback regarding bugs and problem they are facing. Employees in Atlassian were taking this task lightly (Pava, 2015). Based on the current leadership research these issues can be resolved by adopting new leadership styles which are Servant Leadership and Situational leadership. In these leadership styles a leader can be flexible enough with an open mind approach where they portray themselves as servants who would hear all the queries of their employees and makes sure they are present whenever employee need them to help their way out to reach their set goals. A servant leadership is one of the influential leadership style where they create an informal relation with employees but perform their duties as well. This leadership style help Atlassian to resolve small crisis occurred and being a startup this is what a leader needs a direction and a style to follow and lead their team accordingly (Northouse, 2015). Conclusion It is concluded from this whole critical analysis that having a strong good leadership quality is important for a leader to take their organization to a whole new level of success. Leaders must have an ample knowledge about various leadership styles that they can follow and lead their team in that way (Schyns, 2016). Through current research it is being noted that a leadership style adopted by a leader should be aligned with the organizational objectives as the objectives showcase what an organization needs to fulfill and where to reach. Objectives mark a way to a particular direction in which personnel has to move on. So the alignment of leadership style with the objectives matters and much of an important step taken in this case to avoid crisis. The leaders who are being identified in the assignment have given strong opinions regarding their experiences in the field of leadership. They have explained how they concurred in a global market even in the worse situation where there were no hopes of growth at all. The varied leadership styles which they followed have been mentioned in the interviews which help other leaders to know more about the aspects of leadership. They have experienced many crisis while following their styles but in no time they managed to survive and lead their organization towards the achievement of their own objectives (Avolio et al., 2013) References Agnoletti, V., Gambale, G., Meineri, M. and Macario, A., 2015. Operating Room Leadership: Who is the One.J Anesth Clin Res,6(576), p.2. Alvesson, M., 2016. Studying leadership: Taking meaning, relationality and ideology seriously.Routledge Companion to Leadership. Antonakis, J., 2017.The nature of Antonakis, J., 2017.The nature of leadership. Sage publications.leadership. Sage publications. Avolio, B.J. and Yammarino, F.J. eds., 2013. Introduction to, and overview of, transformational and charismatic leadership. InTransformational and Charismatic Leadership: The Road Ahead 10th Anniversary Edition(pp. xxvii-xxxiii). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Beck, D.E. and Cowan, C., 2014.Spiral dynamics: Mastering values, leadership and change. John Wiley Sons. 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Hargreaves, A., Boyle, A. and Harris, A., 2014.Uplifting leadership: How organizations, teams, and communities raise performance. John Wiley Sons. Hathaway, S.B., Rosen, J., Myers, A.L. and Laws, R., 2017. Leadership Development: An Integrated Approach to Changing Trainee Leadership Attitudes, Skills, and Beliefs (Descriptive Abstract).Academic Pediatrics,17(5), p.e2. Helsloot, I. and Groenendaal, J., 2017. It's meaning making, stupid! Success of public leadership during flash crises.Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management. Holt, A., 2015. The importance of leadership. Hooijberg, R. and Lane, N., 2014. Strategic leadership.Wiley Encyclopedia of Management. Latham, J.R., 2014. Leadership for quality and innovation: Challenges, theories, and a framework for future research.Quality Management Journal, 21 (1),5. McCleskey, J.A., 2014. Situational, transformational, and transactional leadership and leadership development.Journal of Business Studies Quarterly,5(4), p.117. 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Napleon And Wellington Essays - Knights Of The Golden Fleece

Napleon And Wellington Napoleon Bonaparte and Arthur, Duke of Wellington The careers of Napoleon Bonaparte and Arthur Wellesley, 1st duke of Wellington, contrasted in many different ways. The manner in which both rose to glory was quite dissimilar. Napoleon Bonaparte was born in Corsica on August 15, 1769 and was thought to be the most formidable military commander since Alexander the great. He was a bright, charismatic child of noble background. As a boy, he was described as good ?willed and generous. At nine, through his father's influence, Napoleon went off to military school in Paris at the expense of King Louis XVI. It was here that it was discovered that he had and amazing brain capacity and was considered a genius, yet nobody could imagine his success and all of the dead bodies he left in his wake for the sake of peace. Wellesley, on the other hand, was born on May 1, 1769, in Dublin and was also of noble background. As an adult, Wellesley would rise to rule the British empire, but as a schoolboy his future looked grim and lacked the genius that Napoleon possessed. His situation became so desperate that he was sent to military school, where his metamorphosis was astonishing. He found that he enjoyed the army and needed it to establish a career in life. He was given the title ?1st Duke of Wellington? due to his military successes. In school, Napoleon was always the leader and could always win at games due to his strategies and his impeccability at outwitting the other team. He was attracted to the military for a number of reasons and he had secret weapons such as his extraordinary intelligence. The military schools of Napoleon and Wellesley never engaged in competition so they never met. Napoleon graduated military school in 1785, at the age of 16, and joined the artillery as a second lieutenant. He studied firepower and trained in the artillery, which would help Napoleon become a genius in this field. Meanwhile, in 1787, Wellesley was commissioned to the British army and, although he was extremely ambitious, his youth sometimes showed. In 1790, Wellesley was elected to the Irish parliament and participated in the unsuccessful campaign of 1794-95 against French forces in the Netherlands. Upon returning to England in 1805, he was rewarded with knighthood. After the Revolution began, Napoleon became a lieutenant colonel in the Corsican National Guard but, in 1793, Corsica declared independence, and Bonaparte, a French patriot and a Republican, fled to France with his family. He was assigned, as a captain, to an army besieging Toulon, a naval base that, aided by a British fleet, was in revolt against the republic. Replacing a wounded artillery general, he drove the British fleet from the harbor, and Toulon fell. Napoleon was then promoted to brigadier general at the age of 24 and in 1796 he married Josephine de Beauharnais, the widow of an aristocrat guillotined in the Revolution and the mother of two children. Also in 1796, Bonaparte was made commander of the French army in Italy and due to his victories, he became quite well known and respected by the French. In the same year, Wellesley, now holding the rank of colonel in the army, went to India, where he received his first independent command. Wellesley's brother was appointed governor-general of India in 1797, and Arthur took part in several military campaigns and returned to England in 1805. In 1798, Bonaparte led an expedition to Turkish-ruled Egypt, which he conquered yet his fleet was destroyed. Undismayed, he reformed the Egyptian government and law, abolishing serfdom and feudalism and guaranteeing basic rights. In 1799, he won a smashing victory over the Turks but failed to capture Syria. Napoleon then decided to leave his army and return to save France, where he joined a conspiracy against the government. He and his colleagues seized power in the coup d'etat of November 1799, and established a new regime called the Consulate. Under its constitution, Bonaparte, as first consul, had almost dictatorial powers. In 1802 the constitution was revised to make Bonaparte consul for life and then in 1804 it made him emperor. He reorganized the administration, simplified the court system, and all schools in France were