Senator Robert Byrd and the Ku Klux Klan

Robert Carlyle Byrd of West Virginia served in the United States Congress from 1952 to 2010, making him one of the longest serving U.S. Senators in American history. While in office, he earned the praises of civil rights advocates. However, prior to his political career, Byrd was a high-ranking member of the Ku Klux Klan during the early 1940s. Early Byrd and the Klan Born in North Wilkesboro, North Carolina, on Nov. 20, 1917, Byrds mother died when he was 1 year old. His father surrendered the child to his aunt and uncle, who subsequently adopted him. Raised in a West Virginia coal mining community, the future senator often said that his childhood experiences helped shape his political beliefs. While working as a butcher in the early 1940s, Byrd formed a new chapter of the Ku Klux Klan in Sophia, West Virginia. In his 2005 book, Robert C. Byrd: Child of the Appalachian Coalfields, Byrd recalled how his ability to quickly recruit 150 of his friends to the group impressed a top Klan official who told him, â€Å"You have a talent for leadership, Bob ... The country needs young men like you in the leadership of the nation.† Flattered by the officials observation, Byrd continued his leadership role in the Klan and was eventually elected Exalted Cyclops of the local group. In a 1944 letter to segregationist Mississippi Senator Theodore G. Bilbo, Byrd wrote, â€Å"I shall never fight in the armed forces with a Negro by my side. Rather I should die a thousand times, and see Old Glory trampled in the dirt never to rise again than to see this beloved land of ours become degraded by race mongrels, a throwback to the blackest specimen from the wilds.† As late as 1946, Byrd wrote to the Klan’s Grand Wizard: â€Å"The Klan is needed today as never before, and I am anxious to see its rebirth here in West Virginia and in every state in the nation.† Running for the U.S. House of Representatives in 1952, Byrd worked to distance himself from his Klan activities. He claimed he lost interest in it after a year and dropped his membership in the group. Byrd also said that he joined just for the excitement and because they were opposed to communism. In interviews with The Wall Street Journal and Slate magazine in 2002 and 2008, Byrd called joining the Klan â€Å"the greatest mistake I ever made.† To young people interested in becoming involved in politics, Byrd warned, â€Å"Be sure you avoid the Ku Klux Klan. Dont get that albatross around your neck. Once youve made that mistake, you inhibit your operations in the political arena.† In his autobiography, Byrd wrote that he had become a KKK member because he â€Å"was sorely afflicted with tunnel vision—a jejune and immature outlook—seeing only what I wanted to see because I thought the Klan could provide an outlet for my talents and ambitions. ... I know now I was wrong. Intolerance had no place in America. I apologized a thousand times ... and I dont mind apologizing over and over again. I cant erase what happened †¦ it has emerged throughout my life to haunt and embarrass me and has taught me in a very graphic way what one major mistake can do to one’s life, career, and reputation.† The Robert Byrd of Congress Byrds career in public service began on November 4, 1952, when the people of West Virginia elected him to his first term in the U.S. House of Representatives. He campaigned as a New Deal Democrat. Byrd served six years in the House before being elected to the U.S. Senate in 1958. He would continue to serve in the Senate for the next 51 years, until his death at age 92 on June 28, 2010. During his time in office, Byrd was one of the Senates most powerful members. Byrd served as secretary of the Senate Democratic Caucus from 1967 to 1971 and as Senate Majority Whip from 1971 to 1977. His leadership positions were numerous, including Senate majority leader, Senate minority leader, and president pro tempore of the Senate. In four separate terms as president pro tempore, Byrd stood third in the line of presidential succession, after the vice president and the speaker of the House of Representatives. Change of Mind on Racial Integration In 1964, Byrd led a filibuster against the Civil Rights Act of 1964. He also opposed the Voting Rights Act of 1965, as well as most of the anti-poverty programs of President Lyndon Johnson’s Great Society initiative. In the debate against anti-poverty legislation, Byrd stated, â€Å"we can take the people out of the slums, but we cannot take the slums out of the people.† But while he voted against civil rights legislation, Byrd also hired one of the first black congressional aides on Capitol Hill in 1959 and initiated the racial integration of the United States Capitol Police for the first time since Reconstruction. Decades later, Byrd would speak with regret about his earlier stances on race. In 1993, Byrd told CNN that he wished he hadnt filibustered and voted against the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and would take them back if he could. In 2006, Byrd told C-SPAN that the death of his teenage grandson in a 1982 traffic accident had radically changed his views. The profound grief he felt made him realize that African-Americans loved their children as much as he loved his own. While some of his fellow conservative Democrats opposed the 1983 bill creating the Martin Luther King Jr. Day national holiday, Byrd recognized the importance of the day to his legacy, telling his staff, â€Å"I am the only one in the Senate who must vote for this bill.† However, Byrd was the only member of the Senate to  vote against the confirmations of both Thurgood Marshall and Clarence Thomas, the only two African-Americans nominated to the United States Supreme Court. In opposing the 1967 confirmation of Marshall, Byrd cited his suspicion that Marshall had ties to communists. In the case of Clarence Thomas in 1991, Byrd stated that he was offended when Thomas called opposition to his confirmation a form of â€Å"high-tech lynching of uppity blacks.† He felt that Thomas injected racism into the hearings. Byrd called the comment a â€Å"diversionary tactic,† adding â€Å"I thought we were past that stage.† Byrd also supported Anita Hill in her accusations of sexual harassment by Thomas and was joined by 45 other Democrats in voting against Thomas’ confirmation. When interviewed by Tony Snow of Fox News on March 4, 2001, Byrd said of racial relations, â€Å"Theyre much, much better than theyve ever been in my lifetime †¦ I think we talk about race too much. I think those problems are largely behind us ... I just think we talk so much about it that we help to create somewhat of an illusion. I think we try to have good will. My old mom told me, Robert, you cant go to heaven if you hate anybody. We practice that.† NAACP Praises Byrd In the end, the political legacy of Robert Byrd went from admitting his former membership in the Ku Klux Klan to winning the accolades of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). The group rated the senators voting record as being 100% in line with their positions during the 203-2004 congressional session. In June 2005, Byrd sponsored a bill allocating an additional $10 million in federal funds for the Martin Luther King, Jr. National Memorial in Washington, D.C. When Byrd died at age 92 on June 28, 2010, the NAACP released a statement saying that over the course of his life he â€Å"became a champion for civil rights and liberties† and â€Å"came to consistently support the NAACP civil rights agenda.†Ã‚   Biographical Fast Facts Full Name: Robert Carlyle Byrd (born Cornelius Calvin Sale Jr.)Known for: American politician. Longest serving member of U.S. Senate in American history (over 51 years)Born:   November 20, 1917, in North Wilkesboro, North Carolina,Died: June 28, 2010 (at age 92), in Merrifield, VirginiaParents: Cornelius Calvin Sale Sr. and Ada Mae (Kirby)Education:- Beckley College- Concord University- University of Charleston- Marshall University (BA)- George Washington University - American University (Juris Doctor)Major Published Writings - 2004. â€Å"Losing America: Confronting A Reckless and Arrogant Presidency.†- 2004. â€Å"We Stand Passively Mute: Senator Robert C. Byrds Iraq Speeches.†- 2005. â€Å"Robert C. Byrd: Child of the Appalachian Coalfields.†- 2008. â€Å"Letter to a New President: Commonsense Lessons for Our Next Leader.†Wife: Erma JamesChildren: Daughters Mona Byrd Fatemi and Marjorie Byrd MooreNotable Quotation: â€Å"Ones family is the most impor tant thing in life. I look at it this way: One of these days Ill be over in a hospital somewhere with four walls around me. And the only people wholl be with me will be my family.† Sources â€Å"A Senators Shame.†Ã‚  The Washington Post, WP Company, 19 June 2005.Byrd, Robert. Robert Byrd Speaks Out Against the Appointment of Clarence Thomas to the Supreme Court. American Voices, October 14, 1991.Byrd, Robert C. Robert C. Byrd: Child of the Appalachian Coalfields. West Virginia University Press, 2005, Morgantown, W.Va.â€Å"The Democrats Lott.†Ã‚  The Wall Street Journal, Dow Jones Company, 23 Dec. 2002.Draper, Robert. â€Å"Old as the Hill.†Ã‚  GQ July 31, 2008.King, Colbert I. â€Å"Sen. Byrd: The View From Darrells Barbershop.†Ã‚  The Washington Post, WP Company, 2 Mar. 2002.Noah, Timothy. â€Å"What about Byrd?†Ã‚  Slate Magazine, Slate, 18 Dec. 2002.â€Å"Sen. Robert Byrd Discusses His Past and Present†, Inside Politics, CNN, December 20, 1993.Johnson, Scott. Saying Goodbye to a Great One, Weekly Standard, June 1, 2005NAACP Mourns the Passing of U.S. Senator Robert Byrd. â€Å"Press Room. www.naacp.org., July 7, 2010

“Anne of Green Gables” The Most Adapted Book Ever

There is a short list of books that continue to be living, breathing parts of pop culture long after their initial publication; where most books have a pretty short â€Å"shelf life† as topics of conversation, a handful find new audiences year in and year out. Even in this elite group of literary works some are more famous than others — everyone knows that Sherlock Holmes or Alice in Wonderland continue to capture the imagination. But some works become so commonly adapted and discussed they become almost invisible — like Anne of Green Gables. That changed in 2017 when Netflix presented an all-new adaptation of the novels as Anne with an E. This modern interpretation of the beloved tale dug into the implied darkness of the story and then dug in further. As opposed to almost every other adaptation of the books, Netflix went with an â€Å"edgy† approach to the story of the orphan Anne Shirley and her adventures on Prince Edward Island that had long-time fans (and especially fans of PBS’ sunny 1980s version) up in arms. Endless hot takes appeared condemning or defending the approach. Of course, people only have hot takes and fierce arguments about literature that remains vital and exciting; the sleepy classics we read out of obligation or curiosity don’t inspire a lot of argument. The fact that we’re still discussing Anne of Green Gables in the 21st century is a sign of just how powerful and beloved the story is — and a reminder of just how often the books have been adapted into film, television, and other mediums. In fact, there have been nearly 40 adaptations of the novel so far, and as Netflix’s version shows, there is very likely to be plenty more as new generations and new artists vie to put their stamp on this classic story. That means Anne of Green Gables has a chance at being the most-adapted book of all time. In fact, it probably is already — while there have been hundreds of Sherlock Holmes films and TV series, those are adapted from all the Holmes stories, not just a single novel. What’s the secret? Why is a novel from 1908 about a spirited orphan girl who arrives at a farm by mistake (because her adoptive parents wanted a boy, not a girl) and makes a life constantly being adapted? The Universal Story Unlike many stories written more than a century ago, Anne of Green Gables deals with issues that feel incredibly modern. Anne is an orphan who has bounced amongst foster homes and orphanages her whole life, and comes to a place where she is initially not wanted. That’s a theme that kids all over the world find compelling — who hasn’t felt unwanted, like an outsider? Anne herself is a proto-feminist. Although it’s unlikely that Lucy Maud Montgomery intended this, the fact is Anne is an intelligent young woman who excels at everything she does and takes no guff from the men or boys around her. She fights back fiercely against any disrespect or hint that she’s not capable, making her a shining example for young women of each successive generation. It’s remarkable, really, considering the book was written more than a decade before women could vote in the U.S. The Youth Market When Montgomery wrote the original novel, there was no concept of a â€Å"young adult† audience, and she never intended the book to be a children’s novel. Over time that’s how it was routinely categorized, of course, which makes sense; it is a story about a young girl literally coming of age. In many ways, however, it was a Young Adult novel before the concept existed, a story that resonates with kids, teenagers, and young adults alike. That market is only growing. As the hunger for intelligent, well-written Young Adult fare grows, more and more people are discovering or re-discovering Anne of Green Gables and finding to their surprise that you couldn’t design a better fit for the modern market. The Formula When Montgomery wrote Anne of Green Gables, stories about orphans were fairly common, and stories about red-haired orphan girls especially so. It’s more or less totally forgotten today, but in the late 19th and early 20th centuries there was a whole subgenre of orphan-focused literature, and there was a bit of a formula to them: The girls were always red-headed, they were always abused prior to coming to their new life, they were always acquired by their adoptive families in order to do work, and they ultimately proved themselves by saving their families from some terrible catastrophe. Completely forgotten examples include Lucy Ann by R.L. Harbour and Charity Ann by Mary Ann Maitland. In other words, when Montgomery wrote her novel, she was working from and refining a formula that had been perfected long before. The refinements she brought to the story are what elevated it from just another story about an orphan girl, but the framework meant she was able to perfect the story instead of putting all her efforts into creating something from scratch. All the adaptations over the years are arguably a continuation of that process. The Subtext The reason Netflix’s new adaptation has gotten so much attention is, in part, the fact that it embraces the dark subtext of the novel — that Anne comes to Prince Edward Island from a past filled with physical and emotional abuse. This was often a staple of the formula mentioned above and is implied by Montgomery, but Netflix went all in and made one of the darkest adaptations of the novel. This darkness, however, is part of the story’s appeal — readers pick up the clues and even if they don’t imagine the worst, it adds depths to a story that could have been simply feel-good. That depth is crucial. Even in adaptations that don’t delve into it, it adds a bit of heft to the story, a second level that catches the imagination. A flatter, simpler story wouldn’t be nearly as evergreen. The Bittersweet That darkness feeds into the other reason the story continues to fascinate and entertain: its bittersweet nature. Anne of Green Gables is a story that combines joy and triumph with sadness and defeat. Anne is very self-critical while being ebullient and intelligent. She comes from pain and suffering and has to fight for her place on the island and with her adoptive family. And in the end, she doesn’t get a simple happy ending — she has to make hard choices even as she enters adulthood. The ending of the first novel sees Anne making the right decision even if it isn’t the decision that will bring her the most happiness. That emotional complexity is, in a nutshell, why people never get tired of this story. Anne of Green Gables will almost certainly end up one of — if not the —  most adapted novel of all time. Its timeless nature and simple charm are a guarantee.

Slavery Essay - 1964 Words

Slavery Essay From the 17th century until the 19th century, almost twelve million Africans were brought to the New World against their will to perform back-breaking labour under terrible conditions. The British slave trade was eventually abolished in 1807 (although illegal slave trading would continue for decades after that) after years of debate, in which supporters of the trade claimed that it was not inhumane, that they were acting in the slaves’ benefit, etc. Slavery was a truly barbaric, and those who think that they can control what another group of people eat, where they sleep, whether they are to live or die, or even whether they are to be bought or sold, are acting on a totally inhumane level. Slaves in the British colonies in†¦show more content†¦They often intentionally destroyed equipment. Slaves were kept intentionally uneducated, to avoid chance of rebellion which meant their skills were limited and industry was not an option. The largest problem with slavery was that it involved the oppression of a human being by another. Many people in 1807 after the Atlantic slave trade was abolished may have thought Britain should apologise for their role in the trade and how they removed Africans from their homes and villages just so they could work long hours into the day for a richer economy and be poorly treated by their masters. These people have many reasons for Britain to apologise for their actions against the African slaves one of them could be on how we used cramped conditions which can easily spread disease between the slaves and gave them poor food rations, chained them up with shackles for weeks and made them sleep on hard wood surfaces with less than half a meter between each other. They get sold for auction like farm animals would which is an inhumane thing to do. One of the main things that the integrity of the slave ships were British owned which shows that Britain came up with the living conditions for slaves and how they are fed and cleaned and transported across the Atlantic. Another reason for people thinking this is because we really just used them for labour and produce cheap products like sugar, tobacco and cotton which would then beShow MoreRelatedSlavery in Sparta vs. Slavery in Athens Essay1563 Words   |  7 PagesSlavery has been a major component of human civilization all throughout history. People turn to slavery for many reasons, such as fear of different ethnicities and fear that these new foreign people will take over land that is not theirs. The conditions under which slaves work and live varies greatly by the time and location of which the slaves lived. Slaves play a major role in their society and contribute greatly to their communities, often forming one of the largest masses of the population. ThoughRead MoreEssay on Slavery1251 Words   |  6 PagesSlavery Slavery in America brought about a successful south but also proved to be one of the most terrible things done by humans to humans. Slavery became a way of life in early America. Eight out of the first twelve presidents owned slaves. People in the south benefited from slaves the most. Harvesting those huge cotton fields took many hands. That’s were the slaves became key to the success of the south. Slaves were predominately black Africans. Africans made up the majority but they were notRead More Racism Or Slavery Essay953 Words   |  4 Pages Racism or Slavery, which came first? nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Racism or slavery, neither, this essay will document the prejudice against Africans from Europeans that led into slavery and racism. Prejudice issues in a dislike for an individual or group of these individuals. 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At least ten centuries of slavery for the benefit of the Muslim countries (from the ninth to the nineteenth)Read MoreDefending Slavery Essay2484 Words   |  10 PagesDefending Slavery The purpose of this paper is to discuss the issue of African slavery in America in the antebellum by late eighteenth century and before the antebellum crisis as discussed in Paul Finkelman’s book: Defending Slavery. This paper will summarize the first part of book taking as a main topic racial aspects of the slavery. After the introductory summary , this paper will focus in two specific sections found in the second part of the book: â€Å"Religion and Slavery† and â€Å"RacialRead MoreEssay on Honor And Slavery2418 Words   |  10 PagesCritical Essay Honor and Slavery Perhaps one of the strongest elements of slavery is honor. Honor has had a wide range of impact in history, whether it was shaping major dynasties and hierarchies, deciding an individuals’ role in society, or family ties and marriages. 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Computer Use in Early Childhood Education - 4243 Words

Computer Use in Early Years of Education Abstract The importance of the child’s development in early years of education has reached the stage where it becomes critical that learning programs becomes a global issue. Understanding changes and undertaking practice is fundamental in student learning. The purpose of this article is to increase our perception on the different effects of using computer technology in early childhood setting. In answering the question What is the purpose of education? I started at that time from the observation that man lives in a world of objects which influence him and which he wishes to influence, and so he must know these objects in their characteristics, their essence and their relation to one†¦show more content†¦There are five different developmental domains of children which all relate to each other. They are easily referred to as the SPICE of life: Social - Refers mostly to the ability to form attachments, play with others, co-operation and sharing, and being able to create lasting relationships with others. Physical - Development of Fine (small) and Gross (large) Motor Skills. Intellectual - The process of making sense of the world around them. Creative - The development of special abilities creating talents. Music, Art, Writing, Reading, and Singing are all ways for creative development to take place. 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From the beginning stages, there has always been a debate of whether computers have a positive or negative impact on children, young children especially. As computers have intergraded themselves into many child ren’s lives and their education, the debate is even more prominent. Supporters of computer use in early childhood education believe that with properRead MoreTechnology Play: Advantages and Disadvantages for Development and Learning1724 Words   |  7 PagesYoung children are growing up in a technology environment. It is within this environment that traditional concepts of play are being influenced. Early childhood settings reflect children’s environments therefore the introduction of technology would be a natural consequence. Play is central to children’s development and learning, consequently technology play is influential. To benefit children’s development and learning, technology play has to be inclusive and developmentally appropriate with attentionRead MoreEffective Devices And Its Positive Effect On Children1725 Words   |  7 Pagesthe idea of employing appropriate devices and its positive effect on children, children at an early age can use comp uter programming and computerized exercises in a method in accord with educationally appropriate implementation (Bern, Horn 2010). The main purpose of this research was to employ the technology of TUI (Tangible User Interface) to principally re-visualize the method children use for computer programming, the improvement included the curriculum and the technology used. The experiment’sRead More Using Technology to Enhance Elementary Education Essay968 Words   |  4 Pagesthose that are interactive and allow the child to develop their curiosity, problem solving and independent thinking skills. Technology increasingly finds its way into mainstream culture, the types and uses of technology in early childhood programs have also expanded dramatically to include computers, tablets, e-books, mobile devices, handheld gaming devices, digital cameras and video camcorders, electronic toys, multimedia players for music and videos, digital audio recorders, interactive whiteboardsRead MoreEssay on Future Career: Early Education Teacher851 Words   |  4 PagesDepartment of Education, Early Education teacher means â€Å"any professional working in Early Learning and Development Programs, including but not limited to center-based and family child care providers, infant and toddler specialists, early administrators, Head Start teachers, Early Head Start teachers, preschool and other teachers, teacher assistants, family services staff, and health coordinators.† Some reason why people want to become an early education teacher persist of good education programs, wages/benefitsRead M oreTechnology s Impact On Young Children1465 Words   |  6 PagesTechnology’s impact in the 21’st century is very evident as it continues to advance rapidly and we have become accustomed to it; causing considerable changes to the overall family structure. 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The American West Free Essays

I believe this cartoon was published in the early 1840’s to persuade people to not become Mormons. The Mormons were unpopular during the 1840’s as they had different beliefs to the rest of the settlers. They believed they had found the second part to the bible in America, no one really considered the Mormons a serious religion until Joseph Smith set up a church. We will write a custom essay sample on The American West or any similar topic only for you Order Now People were often jealous of the Mormons as the Mormons believed in working hard to obtain success and money. Mormons also followed polygamy like the Native Americans, people disrespected them because of this and as the picture shows the man hiding from his many wives, who are fighting and the children, which are crying on the floor. I believe this cartoon was published in the early 1840’s to persuade people to not become Mormons. The cartoon shows an un-ideal life as everyone is making chaos, this would deter people from becoming Mormons as it shows people what is supposed to go on inside the Mormon life. Because people hated the Mormons for whatever reason, the man is put across as a coward as he is hiding away from what is happening. This cartoon was probably used to create a general impression of the Mormons. I think the Mormons were able to complete their journey across the Great Plains and into the Rockies from what I am shown in the source as the Mormon’s seem to be well supplied and travelling in large groups. You can tell that the Mormon’s were well supplied and organised because they built log houses to keep warm and safe during the winter, we can also assume that the journey was taking them a long time as the log houses are permanent building which would not have been easy to build or move. I don’t think the Mormon population suffered that badly during the crossing despite losing 700 people to illness or starvation as due to polygamy there was a lot of children who would grow up to continue the Mormon faith. I think so many people died because of starvation because in the photo there is no evidence of food or any sources of food. The source shows us a scene in which the Mormons seem to be doing quite well as the have shelter, protection and transport as well as this because the Mormons were friendly with the Native Americans they didn’t have the fear of raids. Source C tells us that some Mormons didn’t find Salt Lake as impressive as they first assumed. They said that the land was beautiful, but there were no resources for building and they were relying on the land to be fertile, otherwise they would have no food. Some of the Mormons would think of ideas that could work, they would then work hard to achieve them as this is what they believed in. Some of the Mormons will have seen prospect in the land and others will have tried to make the most out of what they could see, ‘There is little prospect for log houses, but we can make Spanish bricks’, from the journal of William Clayton from the Mormon Pioneer Band which reached Salt Lake first. I believe that the Mormons were disappointed in the appearance of Salt Lake. However they also believed that there was prospect in the land and surrounding area, so they made the most of what they had and since the rest of the settlers hated them they could start a purely Mormon society. How to cite The American West, Papers

Otherworldly Spaces in Star Wars and Watchmen Essay Example For Students

Otherworldly Spaces in Star Wars and Watchmen Essay Films play an important role in defining the similarities and differences between various societies. With increased globalization, the cultural divide between various societies can be well brought out through film and literary presentations. With advancements in technology, modern films have effectively represented the leaps in technology behind making the outer space happen. This paper seeks to provide an opinion on the portrayal of otherworld spaces through analysis and comparison of the films Watchmen directed by Zack Snyder and Star Wars: Episode IV A New Hope directed by George Lucas. Greater emphasis is given to how the otherworld has been differently covered in the two films through exposing the similarities and differences. Notably much importance would be given to how film directors have artistically used the otherworld in the films to bring out the main themes. The incorporation of otherworldly spaces in George Lucas’ Star Wars and Zack Snyder’s Watchmen has helped make the films more believable and memorable. There are two ways in which the otherworld space can be created in a film. This can be through character and characterization with regard to vocals and submission or through the geographical setting. Character and characterization would play an important role in defining the otherworld space because of the perception of characters with regard to their surroundings. Submissions and confessions made by characters would be graded with reference to what is considered as realist and that which could be seen as mystical. Use of both approaches would indicate that both Lucas and Snyder have literally created the otherworldly spaces within their films to help bolster the themes and make these two films believable. The otherworld is well presented in the film Watchmen through the comparison of the human person with other non-human beings. The film is directed under the setting of both the Earth and the Mars. At the beginning of the film, the viewer is introduced to Minutemen uniformed crime fighters that have been supported by the US government top help fight increasing crime as a result of the activities of costumed fighters. It is under these circumstances that Dr. Manhattan gains popularity within government circles and helps Richard Nixon get another term in office (Moore and Gibbons). However, the threat posed by Soviet Union as regards to nuclear war is imminent, resulting into outlawing of armed groups and by extension the Minutemen. It is this banning of outlawed groups that Dr. Manhattan and others in their group run into suspicion of each other as the crackdown continues. Star Wars, on the other hand is an epic space opera film. This film had its script developed and directed by George Lucas. Unlike Watchmen, Star Wars takes a paradigm shift in terms of its setting. Much of its setting is based on imaginary places. This ranges from various planets including planet of Alderaan and the galaxy. The film begins where the galaxy is in a civil war and constantly spies into the Rebel Alliance which has plans to destroy an entire planet. In the film, the rebel alliance is presented as thieves who have stolen plans to the Galactic Empires Death Star. Move of the unveilings in the film rotates around the struggle to regain this plan and prevent destroying the whole planet (Reynolds, Jenssen, and Chasemore 143). By the end of the fighting, the Death Star space station is brought back from the rebel fighters. The most notable differences between Watchmen and Star Wars comes with the extent to which the otherworldly spaces are covered in these films. In Watchmen, there is very limited coverage of the otherworldly space. .u14bc03215c6e513f33c0f6845270da26 , .u14bc03215c6e513f33c0f6845270da26 .postImageUrl , .u14bc03215c6e513f33c0f6845270da26 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u14bc03215c6e513f33c0f6845270da26 , .u14bc03215c6e513f33c0f6845270da26:hover , .u14bc03215c6e513f33c0f6845270da26:visited , .u14bc03215c6e513f33c0f6845270da26:active { border:0!important; } .u14bc03215c6e513f33c0f6845270da26 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u14bc03215c6e513f33c0f6845270da26 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u14bc03215c6e513f33c0f6845270da26:active , .u14bc03215c6e513f33c0f6845270da26:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u14bc03215c6e513f33c0f6845270da26 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u14bc03215c6e513f33c0f6845270da26 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u14bc03215c6e513f33c0f6845270da26 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u14bc03215c6e513f33c0f6845270da26 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u14bc03215c6e513f33c0f6845270da26:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u14bc03215c6e513f33c0f6845270da26 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u14bc03215c6e513f33c0f6845270da26 .u14bc03215c6e513f33c0f6845270da26-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u14bc03215c6e513f33c0f6845270da26:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Luhrmann and Zefferelli: comparison as directors EssayFor this film, the otherworldly space is brought out through the desire by Dr. Manhattan to run away from the challenges he and Jupiter were facing. Even though this otherworldly space is well illuminated; it does not cover a large part of the film. From all the characters and the characterization covered in the film, it is only Dr. Manhattan and Jupiter who opt to get into the planet Mars. On the other hand, Star Wars is more or less a mythical film with most of its scenes, character and characterization casted on imaginary world. Virtually every other scene in this film is based or acted on the otherworldly space. The otherworld spaces in Star Wars have dominated the film that one would at times be in a difficult position to associate the scenes with realism except for individual takes on scenes. Furthermore, the comic book writer Alan Moore of Watchmen has been very effective in bringing out the otherworld as is represented by planet Mars. The documentaries on Discovery and National Geographic channels about planet Mars nowadays are outstanding and for Alan Moore to write about planet Mars in the 80s was phenomenal. In the first encounter, Moore has brought out the ordinary scenes in which different groups fight each other on planet Mars. From its adaptation into the scenes in the film by Snyder, one would clearly enjoy the experience of the otherworld. Moore’s decision to take the viewers into planet Mars is what creates the difference and yet keeps the viewers in agreement that such an event can also take place in the real world. However, Mars is not part of the earth and moving into the planet Mars may not be as easy as it could be as it was depicted in the film. Although an acknowledgement must be made that the planet Mars exists in the minds of many due to Moore’s powerful writing. The Star Wars films have proven to audiences that George Lucas as a person who is well versed in utilizing fiction to create a perception of reality, albeit, for the moment we would be watching the film. While watching the Star Wars, one would no doubt discover that they are in the otherworld and yet believe in all that is happening making the interactions between various characters from the planet, the Alderaan, and the galaxy is not an easy task. However, Lucas has made this possible through provision of insightful scenes. The otherworldly in the film is grounded in â€Å"space opera†. In this film, the human feeling of yearning, of almost anticipatory anxiety is well demonstrated through the strange aliens, colored light sabers and the flashy lasers. On the other hand, Moore presents a direct change in space between planet Earth and planet Mars. Both Watchmen and Star Wars have conceptualized the otherworld through the peculiarity of the events covered in various scenes. In Star Wars, the space is so conspicuous that it may even be difficult to have it fitting into the film frame. Lucas presets the protagonist, Luke Skywalker (Mark Hamill), who is presented gazing up at the night sky of Tatooine. Forget about Tatooine being an imaginary location created by Lucas, Skywalker wonders ‘what awaits him? Where will he go next? When does his life really begin? † This internal monologue has successfully helped in creating the otherworld effect as the viewer is made to think about the hereafter. The same can be said of the film Watchmen, Dr. Manhattan has to think about humanity and how it relates to the two spaces, the earth and the planet Mars. The comparison given by Dr. Manhattan of these two planets (Mars and Earth) tends to create the otherworld space within the film. At first, Dr. Manhattan confesses that he is ‘no longer interested in humanity’ when asked to help save that earth. However, after soul searching, he makes a decision to get back on earth. Both Lucas and Moore have not built up their own concept of geographical setting. Instead, they have chosen to operate in such a big universe with various options for take. For Lucas, his universe was not built as he goes ahead thrusting his characters and characterization into various locations, citing the galaxy, the planet and the Alderaan. None of these names are linked to any of the modern day planets. .u508ef17b3bed92491cee408073cefdf6 , .u508ef17b3bed92491cee408073cefdf6 .postImageUrl , .u508ef17b3bed92491cee408073cefdf6 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u508ef17b3bed92491cee408073cefdf6 , .u508ef17b3bed92491cee408073cefdf6:hover , .u508ef17b3bed92491cee408073cefdf6:visited , .u508ef17b3bed92491cee408073cefdf6:active { border:0!important; } .u508ef17b3bed92491cee408073cefdf6 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u508ef17b3bed92491cee408073cefdf6 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u508ef17b3bed92491cee408073cefdf6:active , .u508ef17b3bed92491cee408073cefdf6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u508ef17b3bed92491cee408073cefdf6 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u508ef17b3bed92491cee408073cefdf6 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u508ef17b3bed92491cee408073cefdf6 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u508ef17b3bed92491cee408073cefdf6 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u508ef17b3bed92491cee408073cefdf6:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u508ef17b3bed92491cee408073cefdf6 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u508ef17b3bed92491cee408073cefdf6 .u508ef17b3bed92491cee408073cefdf6-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u508ef17b3bed92491cee408073cefdf6:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Hitman with my Girl Anachronism EssayOn the other hand, the Watchmen takes the same approach acknowledging with regard to the planet Mars. This could be explained through use of names of planets including the Earth, Mars and Jupiter. In this case, the otherworldly space is portrayed through Dr. Manhattan’s inability to survive in Mars and his decision to return to the planet Earth, together with Jupiter. The citation of New York City and the choice of Manhattan, which refers mainly to the Central Business District in New York, have helped in portrayal the unveilings of the film as being real. Otherworldly space can be an important tool through which film directors can effectively pass across their main messages. Otherworldly spaces help in creating a connection between the real and the abstract world. In Watchmen, Snyder has used this tool to connect between the abstract and the real world from Alan Moore’s effective writing, thereby, making the story believable. On the other hand, Lucas has incorporated the otherworldly spaces in an artistic manner to make Star Wars sound real and become memorable even when it is all but fictional. Bibliography: Gordon, Lawrence, Lloyd Levin, Deborah Snyder, David Hayter, Alex Tse, Zack Snyder, Malin Akerman, Billy Crudup, Matthew Goode, Carla Gugino, Jackie E. Haley, Jeffrey D. Morgan, Patrick Wilson, Tyler Bates, and Dave Gibbons.  Watchmen. Burbank, CA: Warner Home Video, 2009. Lucas, George, Gary Kurtz, Harrison Ford, Carrie Fisher, Mark Hamill, James E. Jones, Billy D. Williams, Alec Guinness, and Peter Cushing.  Star Wars: Episode IV. Beverly Hills, California: 20th Century Fox Entertainment, 2004. Moore, Alan, and Dave Gibbons. Watchmen. New York: DC Comics Inc, 1987. Print. Reynolds, David W, Hans Jenssen, and Richard Chasemore. Star Wars: Incredible Cross Sections. New York: DK Pub, 1998. Print.

Business Model Concept

Question: Discuss about the Busniess Model Concept. Answer: Introduction Model in business is a precise and clear way in which a company can generate profit or revenues. Due to the technology change and advance in communication has put customers in a variety of choice. Competitiveness and efficient has contributed to managers employing the business model to provide better product and services. The business model is a way of analyzing data and evidence presented to prove how they can increase the value of their customer (Peris-Ortiz, 2016). Type of product determines the criteria in company choose a business model. Additionally, the model determines how a company goes about sales and marketing strategies including pricing, sales channel, potential partners, and branding. However, produce a super average profit and sustainable competitive advantage, business should excel in both business model design and product innovation (Fields, 2016). Business model differs from one company to another; because of companies offering differing products (Piperopoulos, 2012 ). The main aim of a company is to generate high-profit margin. For instance, the mobile industry might decide to sell the mobile at a low price, and then they will generate revenues from the sales of recharge card. Due to global economy development, the company has changed the relationship between the customers and suppliers (Rainey, 2010). This essay aims to explain and provide a discussion of value creation and appropriation and innovation process at firms. The business model is how a company makes, delivers, and gets value in the social, cultural and economic environment (Baden-Fuller and Morgan, 2010, P.161). Theoretically, a company comprises core aspects including trading practices, strategies, infrastructure, targeting customers, purpose, operational policies, organizational structures, and business process. In a theoretical perspective, design logical is a process of changing organization management to get profit. Managers were interviewed, and also various literature was conducted to understand what comprises business model (George and Bock, 2012).In this design logic, it explains how the managers can view and explain business modeling. The relevant studies show how managers create a strong narrative study on how to move the business from one point to another. If the stories are incoherent, the business will fail (George and Bock, 2012). Companies create value by their products in the stable market. Suppliers set up and capture value by introducing their product to a competitive market price (Ruzzier et al., 2014).The law of demand and supply states that vendors are ready to provide their product to market if demand is high and therefore recording high-profit margin. On another side, the customers will buy the product if the price is less than utility yielded (Ruzzier et al., 2014). Innovation occurs due to technology change (Rainey, 2010). The ability of value is capturing; the firm must embrace new business modeling. The technology that does not match with new business modeling is meant to fail (Piperopoulos, 2012). The history shows that innovation will fail if the market system does not offer quality at good prices and also compelling value. On the contrary, small business does not require business modeling change (Zott and Amit, 2010). Therefore expanding the market share and segment one can achieve innovation; helps to create new business models will further create a new organization. Innovation process cannot make sense without the process of innovation of products and services. For instances, the Google, e-bays, and Apple: embraced new business models due to advancement in technology (Ruzzier et al., 2014). Apparently, designing efficient business models require one to have an in-depth knowledge about various items including market research, availability of the intelligent system and Innovation point of view (Chesbrough, 2010, p.355). The business model is worthy if the system is dynamic.Therefore contributes to the success of the firm. Business modeling is all about organizing value chain. However, it shows also the value capturing importance (Teece, 2010, p.176). Hybrid framework of business model New to the firm Technology 3rd study Design and innovation in Business conceptualization 4th study Importance of business model in value creation Familiar with firm technology 1st study Perception of the business concept, antecedents, then consequences 2nd study Clarity in the business model and innovation Old to the firm Business model New to the firm Business model The first quadrant represents a clear understanding of the business concept`s conceptualization. There is also conceptual of antecedences and its consequences. It focuses on academic rather than practical oriented. This quadrant shows the essence of the concept, whereby academic journals published mainly in the English language. The second quadrant shows the established business for an existing technology like automobile industries. There are openness and clarity to external environment and technology innovation. .in order to further understand this quadrant, (Daimler AG (Car2Go) and Volkswagen AG (Quicar) have developed an approach to car sharing. The third quadrant examines the efficiency and novelty lock-in centered designs (Amit Zott, 2001). Automated electronics industries in Germany such as control systems, electric drives, measurement and testing equipment and finally electric drives (Zott and Amit, 2010, p.218). The fourth quadrant takes most dynamic aspect. It focuses on content, structure or governance.it represents the new to the technology. Quadrant identifies the element of business model change. (Berglund and sandstorm, 2013, p.280). Another importance issue worth discussing is that complementary in finding the business partner. When finding a business partner, Managers should make sure that value drivers of partnering business; can only be achieved by analyzing their business model (Zott and Amit, 2010, p.218). According to Zott and Amit (2009) considers themes design and content design as important in business model design. Design content refers to examining to greater details actions completed, and finally sequencing the operations and looking for someone to perform. Themes design is the dominant value of the system in value creation. Basing on the above, Zott and Amit (2009) views the business model as two market choices: differentiation and cost leadership (Zott and Amit, 2010, p.219).Design themes include company description and modeling: targeting segment, the channel of distribution, partner network, value appropriation, customer relationship, revenue model and cost structuring (Zhang, 2009). Building on the same literature argument, a business can be conceptualized as series of dependent events forming business and then expanding its borders. The designer of action systems needs to check design themes and design elements (Zott and Amit, 2010, p.220). For a new entrepreneur, the business model is vital while for already existing firms, their managers will have difficult tasks to change a new one (Fields, 2016). These dependent events are performed or done by the leaders integrate organization activities to form business activity system. Value appropriation depends on the way competitors put pressure to the choice of business modeling manager as chosen (Berglund and sandstorm, 2013, p.277).The pricing strategies are related to product design while revenue design compliments the model layout. Conceptualization of business is the set of activities. First, business systems enable addressing of all vitals issues. Managers and academic languages have conceptual tools on how to engage in a proper manner (Zott et al., 2011, p.1025). Another point is that activity system enables firms not to think about product activity, but help in the holistic system is thinking about the business model (Zott and Amit, 2010, p.218). Zara is a retail enterprise in Spain which has an excellent thoughtful of the business model. Conceptualization in the business activities enables more of further theoretical development. Even though there is little devotion in the world of business management literature, scholars have been unable to put together the relationship between team activities, individual actions, and performance of business model to come up with activity system (Zott et al., 2011, p.1020). The operation system could crucial in developing old and current business model, improve on predictive business design model. Conclusion To conclude, this essay has addressed some significant issues regarding business model. Managers must be considerate to an external and internal environment surrounding the firm. The companies should know what their customers want, where and when. Activity system is vital in the development of new and old business model. Zott and Amits (2010) contribution to this essay is highly significant. Zott and Amit work explains largely on Business modeling, business as an activity and innovation in respect to the business model design. References Baden-Fuller, C., Morgan, M. S. (2010). Business models as models. Long range planning, 43(2), 156-171. Berglund, H., Sandstrm, C. (2013). Business model innovation from an open systems perspective: structural challenges and managerial solutions. International Journal of Product Development, 18(3-4), 274-285. Chesbrough, H. (2010). Business model innovation: opportunities and barriers. Long range planning, 43(2), 354-363. Fields, Z. (2016). Incorporating business models and strategies into social entrepreneurship. Hershey, PA: Business Science Reference. George, G., Bock, A. J. (2012). Models of opportunity: How entrepreneurs design firms to achieve the unexpected. Cambridge University Press. .Peris-Ortiz, M., Sahut, J. (2016). New challenges in entrepreneurship and finance examining the prospects for sustainable business development, performance, innovation, and economic growth. Cham: Springer International. Piperopoulos, P. G. (2012). Entrepreneurship, innovation and business clusters. Farnham: Gower. Rainey, D. L. (2010). Sustainable business development: inventing the future through strategy, innovation, and leadership. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Ruzzier, M. K., Ruzzier, M., Hisrich, R. D. (2014). Marketing for Entrepreneurs and SMEs A Global Perspective. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing. Teece, D. J. (2010). Business models, business strategy and innovation. Long range planning, 43(2), 172-194. Zhang, X. (2009). Values, expectations, ad hoc rules, and culture emergence in international cross-cultural management contexts. New York: Nova Science . Zott, C., Amit, R. (2010). Business model design: an activity system perspective. Long range planning, 43(2), 216-226. Zott, C., Amit, R., Massa, L. (2011). The business model: recent developments and future research. Journal of management, 37(4), 1019-1042.